Seamless steel yeeb nkab zoo kev tsom xam thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas
Peb ua cov txheeb cais ntawm cov khoom zoo ntawm seamless steel kav. Los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev txheeb cais, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab tias txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom muaj qhov ua haujlwm tsis zoo (kev ua cov kab nrib pleb, tawv tawv dub, cov ntsia hlau sab hauv, kaw suab, thiab lwm yam), qhov ntev geometric, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom zoo. (mechanical zog, tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, fastening), steel yeeb nkab dabtsi yog khoov, flattening, dents, steel yeeb nkab corrosion, pitting, tsis xws luag, sib xyaw cov kev cai, sib xyaw hlau, thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag.

Cov qauv tsim khoom rau cov kav dej seamless: cov kev xav tau zoo rau cov kav dej seamless steel
1. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau; Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm seamless steel kav. Nws tseem yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov yeeb nkab dov txheej txheem tsis thiab steel yeeb nkab kev kho cua sov txheej txheem tsis. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv seamless steel yeeb nkab, raws li kev siv sib txawv ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel, cov kev xav tau sib xws tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej rau kev smelting ntawm cov hlau thiab cov txheej txheem tsim cov yeeb nkab blanks, thiab cov kev cai nruj yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Hauv particular, yuav tsum tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm tej yam teeb meem tshuaj ntsiab (arsenic, tin, antimony, lead, bismuth) thiab gases (nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, thiab lwm yam). Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau thiab cov purity ntawm cov hlau, txo cov hlau tsis muaj hlau nyob rau hauv lub raj blanks, thiab txhim kho lawv cov kev faib tawm, cov cuab yeej siv sab nraud feem ntau siv los kho cov hlau molten, thiab txawm tias electro slag furnaces. yog siv rau refining lub raj blanks. Melting thiab refining.

2. Cov yeeb nkab steel geometric dimension raug thiab sab nraud; steel yeeb nkab txheej txoj kab uas hla raug, phab ntsa thickness, ovality, ntev, steel yeeb nkab curvature, steel yeeb nkab kawg txiav txoj kab nqes, steel yeeb nkab kawg bevel kaum sab xis thiab blunt ntug, cross-sectional qhov ntev ntawm tshwj xeeb-zoo li tus steel kav

1. 2. 1 Steel yeeb nkab sab nraud txoj kab uas hla qhov tseeb Cov txheej txheem sab nraud qhov tseeb ntawm seamless steel kav nyob ntawm txoj kev txiav txim siab (txo) txoj kab uas hla (xws li txo qhov nro), cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem txoj kab uas hla qhov tseeb kuj muaj feem xyuam nrog. mus rau qhov ua tiav qhov tseeb ntawm lub tshuab ruaj khov (txo) txoj kab uas hla thiab kev faib tawm thiab kev hloov kho ntawm deformation ntawm txhua tus ncej. Txoj kab uas hla sab nraud qhov tseeb ntawm qhov txias-dov (抜) tsim seamless steel kav muaj feem xyuam rau qhov tseeb ntawm cov pwm los yog dov dhau.

1. 2. 2 Phab ntsa thickness Cov phab ntsa tuab qhov tseeb ntawm seamless steel kav muaj feem xyuam rau cov cua kub zoo ntawm lub raj tsis muaj, cov txheej txheem tsim tsis thiab hloov tsis tau ntawm txhua txoj kev deformation, cov cuab yeej zoo, thiab lawv cov lubrication zoo. Cov phab ntsa tsis sib luag ntawm cov kav hlau steel yog faib raws li cov phab ntsa tsis sib luag thiab cov phab ntsa tsis sib luag longitudinal thickness.

3. Qhov zoo ntawm cov kav dej steel; tus txheej txheem stipulates "smooth nto" yuav tsum tau ntawm steel kav. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau li 10 hom kev tsis xws luag hauv cov kav hlau steel los ntawm ntau yam laj thawj thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Xws li cov kab nrib pleb (kav), cov kab plaub hau, sab hauv folds, sab nraud folds, punctures, inner straights, sab nrauv ncaj, sib cais txheej, nti, pits, convex bumps, pits (pits), khawb (kua), puab kauv txoj kev, txheej kauv txoj kev, kab ntsuab, concave kho, cov menyuam luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Lub ntsiab ua rau ntawm cov kev tsis xws luag yog nto defects los yog sab hauv ntawm lub raj dawb paug. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom, uas yog, yog hais tias tus txheej txheem dov parameter tsis tsim nyog, lub cuab tam (pwm) nto tsis du, lub lubrication tej yam kev mob tsis zoo, lub dhau tsim thiab kev hloov yog tsis tsim nyog, thiab lwm yam. ., nws yuav ua rau cov yeeb nkab steel tshwm. Qhov teeb meem zoo; los yog thaum lub sij hawm cua sov, dov, kho cua sov, thiab straightening txheej txheem ntawm lub raj dawb paug (steel yeeb nkab), yog hais tias nws tshwm sim vim tsis zoo cua kub tswj, tsis sib xws deformation, tsis tsim nyog cua sov thiab cua txias ceev, los yog ntau tshaj straightening deformation ntau heev residual kev nyuaj siab kuj tseem. ua rau nto tawg nyob rau hauv cov yeeb nkab steel.

4. Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov yeeb nkab steel; Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom ntawm cov kav hlau muaj xws li cov khoom siv ntawm cov kav hlau steel ntawm chav tsev kub, cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thermal lossis cov khoom kub qis), thiab corrosion kuj (anti-oxidation, dej corrosion kuj, acid thiab alkali tsis kam, thiab lwm yam). Feem ntau hais lus, lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov kav hlau steel feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov qauv tsim, thiab purity ntawm cov hlau, nrog rau txoj kev kho cua sov ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel. Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv qee kis, qhov kub thiab deformation system ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel.

5. steel yeeb nkab txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo; Cov txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel suav nrog cov khoom ntawm flattening, flaring, curling, dabtsi yog khoov, nplhaib-kos duab, thiab vuam ntawm cov kav hlau.

6. Hlau yeeb nkab metallographic qauv; cov qauv metallographic ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel suav nrog cov qauv qis-magnification thiab high-magnification qauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel.

7 Cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau cov kav dej steel; cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb xav tau los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.

Cov teeb meem zoo nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kav dej seamless steel - Cov kev tsis zoo ntawm cov raj blanks thiab lawv tiv thaiv
1. Tube blanks zoo tsis xws luag thiab kev tiv thaiv Lub raj blanks siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov seamless steel kav yuav nruam nruam round tube blanks, dov (forged) round tube blanks, centrifugally cam khwb cia puag ncig hollow raj blanks, los yog steel ingots yuav siv tau ncaj qha. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, nruam nruam round tube blanks yog siv vim lawv cov nqi qis thiab zoo nto zoo.

1.1 Qhov tshwm sim, cov duab, thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub raj khoob

1. 1. 1 Qhov tshwm sim thiab cov duab tsis xws luag Rau lub raj puag ncig, qhov tsos thiab cov duab tsis xws luag ntawm lub raj khoob feem ntau suav nrog txoj kab uas hla thiab ovality ntawm lub raj khoob, thiab lub ntsej muag kawg ntawm txoj kab nqes. Rau steel ingots, cov tsos thiab cov duab tsis xws luag ntawm lub raj blanks feem ntau suav nrog cov duab tsis raug ntawm cov hlau ingot vim hnav ntawm cov pwm pwm. Txoj kab uas hla thiab ovality ntawm lub voj voog puag ncig yog tsis kam rau siab: Hauv kev xyaum, nws feem ntau ntseeg tias thaum lub raj tsis muaj perforated, tus nqi txo ua ntej lub perforated ntsaws yog proportional rau tus nqi ntawm sab hauv folding ntawm perforated capillary raj. Qhov ntau dua qhov txo tus nqi ntawm lub ntsaws, qhov zoo dua cov yeeb nkab yuav yog. Cov pores yog tsim ua ntej ntxov, thiab cov capillaries yog qhov yooj yim rau cov kab nrib pleb sab hauv. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tshuab xuas nrig ntaus yog txiav txim siab raws li qhov nominal txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub raj tsis muaj thiab sab nraud thiab phab ntsa tuab ntawm lub raj capillary. Thaum lub qhov qauv hloov kho, yog tias lub taub sab nraud ntawm lub raj dawb paug dhau qhov kev pom zoo, qhov txo qis ua ntej lub ntsaws nce thiab lub perforated capillary raj yuav ua rau sab hauv folding tsis xws luag; Yog hais tias lub sab nraud txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub raj dawb paug tshaj qhov tsis zoo kam rau ua, tus nqi txo ua ntej lub ntsaws yuav txo, uas ua rau lub raj dawb paug Thawj qhov taw tes txav mus rau hauv lub qhov pore caj pas, uas yuav ua rau cov txheej txheem perforation nyuaj ua tiav. Ntau dhau ovality: Thaum lub ovality ntawm lub raj dawb paug tsis sib xws, lub raj dawb paug yuav tig tsis ruaj khov tom qab nkag mus rau hauv perforation deformation cheeb tsam, thiab cov chais yuav khawb qhov chaw ntawm lub raj dawb paug, ua rau qhov chaw tsis xws luag hauv lub raj capillary. Qhov kawg-txiav txoj kab nqes ntawm lub voj voog ncig lub raj tsis muaj kev zam: Lub phab ntsa tuab ntawm lub hauv ntej kawg ntawm perforated capillary raj ntawm lub raj dawb paug yog tsis sib xws. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias thaum lub raj khoob tsis muaj qhov chaw nruab nrab, lub ntsaws ua tau raws li lub ntsej muag kawg ntawm lub raj khoob thaum lub sij hawm perforation txheej txheem. Txij li thaum muaj txoj kab nqes loj ntawm lub ntsej muag kawg ntawm lub raj khoob, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub ntsaws rau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub raj khoob, uas ua rau cov phab ntsa tuab ntawm lub ntsej muag kawg ntawm lub raj capillary. Tsis sib xws.

1. 1. 2 Nto zoo tsis xws luag (nruam cam khwb cia puag ncig lub raj dawb paug) Nto cov kab nrib pleb ntawm lub raj dawb paug: ntsug kab nrib pleb, transverse kab nrib pleb, network tawg. Ua rau ntawm kab nrib pleb:
A. Lub deflection ntws los ntawm misalignment ntawm lub nozzle thiab lub crystallizer ntxuav lub solidified plhaub ntawm lub raj dawb paug;
B. Qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov pwm slag tsis zoo, thiab cov kua slag txheej yog tuab dhau los yog nyias dhau, ua rau cov slag tsis sib xws thiab ua rau lub hauv paus solidification plhaub ntawm lub raj yog nyias nyias.
C. Crystal kua theem fluctuation (thaum cov kua theem fluctuation yog> ± 10mm, qhov tawg tshwm sim yog hais txog 30%);
D. P thiab S cov ntsiab lus hauv steel. (P > 0. 017%, S > 0. 027%, longitudinal tawg zuj zus);
E. Thaum C nyob rau hauv cov hlau nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0. 12% thiab 0. 17%, longitudinal tawg yuav nce.

Ceev faj:
A. Xyuas kom meej tias lub nozzle thiab cov crystallizer yog sib npaug;
B. Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua yuav tsum ruaj khov;
C. Siv qhov tsim nyog crystallization taper;
D. Xaiv cov hmoov tiv thaiv nrog kev ua tau zoo heev;
E. Siv lub kub saum toj kawg nkaus crystallizer.

Ua rau ntawm transverse tawg:
A. Cov cim sib sib zog nqus heev yog qhov ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab nrib pleb;
B. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm (niobium, thiab txhuas) hauv steel nce, uas yog qhov ua rau.
C. Lub raj khoob yog ncaj nraim thaum qhov kub ntawm 900-700 ℃.
D. Qhov kev siv ntawm cov cua txias thib ob yog qhov loj heev.

Ceev faj:
A. Lub crystallizer txais kev siv ntau zaus thiab me me amplitude los txo qhov tob ntawm kev co cim ntawm lub puab arc nto ntawm lub slab;
B. Qhov chaw txias txias thib ob tau siv lub tshuab ua kom tsis muaj zog kom ruaj khov kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj 900 degrees thaum lub sijhawm ncaj.
C. Khaws cov kua siv lead ua kua kom ruaj khov;
D. Siv cov hmoov pwm nrog lubrication zoo thiab tsis muaj viscosity.

Ua rau ntawm nto network tawg:
A. Qhov kub-kub cam khwb cia slab absorbs tooj liab los ntawm pwm, thiab tooj liab ua kua thiab ces oozes tawm raws li austenite grain ciam teb;
B. Cov khoom seem hauv cov hlau (xws li tooj liab, tin, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub raj khoob thiab nkag mus raws li cov ciam teb;

Ceev faj:
A. Qhov saum npoo ntawm crystallizer yog chromium-plated los ua kom tawv tawv;
B. Siv qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov dej txias thib ob;
C. Tswj cov khoom seem hauv cov hlau.
D. Tswj tus nqi Mn/S kom ntseeg tau tias Mn/S>40. Nws yog feem ntau ntseeg tias thaum qhov tawg qhov tob ntawm lub raj tsis pub dhau 0. 5 hli, cov kab nrib pleb yuav raug oxidized thaum lub sij hawm cua sov thiab yuav tsis ua rau cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov yeeb nkab steel. Txij li thaum cov kab nrib pleb ntawm lub raj dawb paug yuav raug oxidized heev thaum lub sij hawm cua sov txheej txheem, cov kab nrib pleb feem ntau nrog oxidation hais thiab decarburization tshwm sim tom qab dov.