Ua ntej, txo qhov cua sov.

Feem ntau, quenching cua sov kub ntawm hypereutectoid carbon hlau yog 30 ~ 50 ℃ saum Ac3, thiab quenching cua sov kub ntawm eutectoid thiab hypereutectoid carbon hlau yog 30 ~ 50 ℃ saum Ac1. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb hauv xyoo tas los no tau lees paub tias cua sov thiab quenching hypoeutectoid steel hauv α + γ ob-theem cheeb tsam qis dua Ac3 (piv txwv li, sub-temperature quenching) tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv ntawm cov hlau, txo qhov kev hloov pauv kub. , thiab tshem tawm temper brittleness. Cov cua kub rau quenching tuaj yeem txo los ntawm 40 ° C. Siv cov cua kub tsis tshua muaj cua sov lub sij hawm luv luv thiab quenching ntawm high-carbon steel tuaj yeem txo cov pa roj carbon ntsiab lus ntawm austenite thiab pab tau lath martensite nrog lub zog zoo thiab tawv. Nws tsis tsuas yog txhim kho nws cov toughness tab sis kuj shortens lub sij hawm cua sov. Rau qee qhov kis tau tus mob, carbonitriding yog siv los ntawm carburizing. Kev hnav tsis kam yog nce los ntawm 40% mus rau 60% thiab lub zog qaug zog yog nce los ntawm 50% mus rau 80%. Lub sijhawm co-carburizing yog sib npaug, tab sis qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug (850 ° C) yog siab dua li ntawm carburizing. Qhov kub (920 ℃) ​​yog 70 ℃ qis dua, thiab nws tuaj yeem txo qhov kev kho cua sov deformation.

Qhov thib ob, txo lub sijhawm cua sov.

Kev xyaum ntau lawm qhia tau hais tias lub sij hawm ua cua sov ib txwm txiav txim siab raws li qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm yog kev saib xyuas, yog li cov cua sov coefficient α nyob rau hauv cov cua kub tuav lub sij hawm formula τ = α·K·D yuav tsum tau kho. Raws li cov txheej txheem kev kho mob ib txwm muaj, thaum rhuab mus rau 800-900 ° C hauv qhov cub cua sov, tus nqi α pom zoo kom yog 1.0-1.8 min / mm, uas yog kev saib xyuas. Yog tias tus nqi α tuaj yeem txo qis, lub sijhawm cua sov tuaj yeem txo qis heev. Lub sijhawm cua sov yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sim ua raws li qhov loj ntawm cov hlau ua haujlwm, qhov nyiaj ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob them, thiab lwm yam. Thaum cov txheej txheem optimized tsis raug txiav txim siab, lawv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev lag luam.

Thib peb, tshem tawm tempering los yog txo tus naj npawb ntawm tempering.

Tshem tawm cov tempering ntawm carburized steel. Piv txwv li, yog tias ob tog carburized piston tus pin ntawm 20Cr steel loader yog siv los tshem tawm cov tempering, qhov kev qaug zog ntawm cov tempered tuaj yeem nce 16%; Yog tias qhov tempering ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg martensitic raug muab tso tseg, lub bulldozer tus pin yuav raug hloov. Cov txheej txheem yog yooj yim los siv lub xeev quenched ntawm 20 steel (tsawg carbon martensite), lub hardness yog ruaj khov nyob ib ncig ntawm 45HRC, cov khoom muaj zog thiab hnav tsis kam yog ho txhim kho, thiab qhov zoo yog ruaj khov; high-speed steel txo tus naj npawb ntawm temperings, xws li W18Cr4V steel tshuab pom cov hniav uas siv ib tug tempering hluav taws (560 ℃ × 1h) hloov cov tsoos peb zaug tempering ntawm 560 ℃ × 1h, thiab cov kev pab cuam lub neej yog nce 40%.

Plaub, siv qhov kub thiab nruab nrab-kub tempering es tsis txhob siv high-temperature tempering.

Cov pa roj carbon nruab nrab lossis nruab nrab carbon alloy cov qauv steel siv nruab nrab thiab qis-kub tempering es tsis txhob kub-kub tempering kom tau txais kev tiv thaiv ntau dua. Lub W6Mo5Cr4V2 steel Φ8mm laum me ntsis yog raug rau theem nrab tempering ntawm 350 ℃ × 1h + 560 ℃ × 1h tom qab quenching, thiab txiav lub neej ntawm laum ntsis yog nce 40% piv nrog rau cov laum tempered peb zaug ntawm 560 ℃ × 1h .

Thib tsib, tsim nyog txo qhov tob ntawm txheej seepage

Lub voj voog ntawm kev kho cua sov yog siv ntev thiab siv zog ntau. Yog tias qhov tob ntawm txheej nkag tuaj yeem raug txo kom luv lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob. Qhov tsim nyog hardened txheej qhov tob tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ntsuas kev ntxhov siab, uas pom tau tias cov txheej txheem tawv tawv tam sim no tob dhau thiab tsuas yog 70% ntawm cov txheej txheem tawv tawv qhov tob txaus. Kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias carbonitriding tuaj yeem txo cov txheej txheej qhov tob ntawm 30% mus rau 40% piv rau carburizing. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yog tias qhov tob tob nkag mus rau qhov kev txwv qis ntawm cov kev xav tau hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, 20% ntawm lub zog tuaj yeem txuag tau, thiab lub sijhawm thiab deformation tuaj yeem txo.

Thib rau, siv qhov kub thiab txias thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov

Kev kub siab chemical kev kho cua sov yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau, cov khoom siv nws nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov kab mob ntawm cov txiav. Ua kom cov carburizing kub los ntawm 930 ℃ mus rau 1000 ℃ tuaj yeem ua kom cov carburizing ceev ntau dua 2 zaug. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tseem muaj ntau yam teeb meem, kev txhim kho yav tom ntej yog txwv. Lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov yog ua nyob rau hauv qhov tsis zoo-siab gas theem nruab nrab. Vim yog kev ua kom huv ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm hauv qab lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab siv qhov kub thiab txias, qhov nkag mus tau zoo heev. Piv txwv li, lub tshuab nqus tsev carburizing tuaj yeem ua kom cov khoom tsim tau los ntawm 1 mus rau 2 zaug; thaum txhuas thiab chromium yog infiltrated ntawm 133.3 × (10-1 rau 10-2) Pa, qhov nkag tau tuaj yeem nce ntau dua 10 npaug.

Xya, ion tshuaj kho cua sov

Nws yog cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas siv glow tawm ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm (cathode) thiab anode rau ib txhij infiltrate cov ntsiab lus kom nkag mus rau hauv cov pa roj-theem nruab nrab uas muaj cov ntsiab lus kom nkag mus rau ntawm lub siab hauv qab ib qho chaw. Xws li ion nitriding, ion carburizing, ion sulfurizing, thiab lwm yam, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev nkag mus ceev ceev, zoo zoo, thiab txuag hluav taws xob.

Yim, siv induction self-tempering

Induction self-tempering yog siv es tsis txhob tempering nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub. Txij li thaum induction cua sov yog siv los hloov cov cua sov mus rau sab nraud ntawm quenching txheej, cov cua sov seem tsis tau muab tshem tawm thaum lub sij hawm quenching thiab txias kom ua tiav lub sij hawm luv luv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab tau siv ntau yam kev siv. Nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej (xws li cov pa roj carbon siab thiab siab carbon siab alloy steel), quenching cracking yuav zam tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib zaug txhua qhov txheej txheem tau txiav txim siab, kev tsim khoom loj tuaj yeem ua tiav, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam tseem ceeb.

Cuaj, siv post-forging preheating thiab quenching

Preheating thiab quenching tom qab forging tsis tau tsuas yog txo cov kev kho cua sov lub zog noj thiab yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, tab sis kuj txhim kho cov khoom ua tau zoo. Siv tom qab forging khib nyiab kub quenching + high-temperature tempering li pretreatment yuav tshem tawm cov shortcomings ntawm post-forging pov tseg thaum tshav kub kub quenching raws li qhov kawg thaum tshav kub kub kho ntawm coarse nplej thiab tsis zoo cuam tshuam toughness. Nws yuav siv sij hawm luv dua thiab muaj cov khoom tsim tau ntau dua li spheroidizing annealing lossis general annealing. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kub ntawm qhov kub-kub tempering yog qis dua li ntawm annealing thiab tempering, yog li nws tuaj yeem txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob ntau, thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam. Piv nrog rau kev normalizing, residual heat normalizing tom qab forging tsis tsuas yog txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau, tab sis kuj txhim kho cov yas toughness, thiab txo qhov txias-nkig hloov kub thiab rhiab heev. Piv txwv li, 20CrMnTi hlau tuaj yeem ua kom sov ntawm 730 ~ 630 ℃ ntawm 20 ℃ / h tom qab forging. Kev txias txias tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo.

Thib kaum, siv qhov chaw quenching es tsis txhob carburizing thiab quenching

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom (xws li lub zog zoo li qub, lub zog qaug zog, ntau yam cuam tshuam, kev ntxhov siab sab hauv) ntawm nruab nrab thiab siab carbon steel nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm 0.6% mus rau 0.8% tom qab high-frequency quenching qhia tau hais tias induction quenching tuaj yeem ua tau. siv los hloov qee qhov carburizing. Quenching yog ua tau tag nrho. Peb siv 40Cr steel high-frequency quenching los tsim gearbox gears, hloov cov thawj 20CrMnTi steel carburizing thiab quenching zog, thiab ua tiav kev vam meej.

11. Siv cov cua sov hauv zos es tsis txhob siv cua sov tag nrho

Rau qee qhov chaw nrog cov kev cai hauv zos (xws li hnav-tiv taus iav ncej txoj kab uas hla, cov menyuam txoj kab uas hla, thiab lwm yam), cov txheej txheem cua sov hauv zos xws li da dej rauv cua sov, induction cua sov, pulse cua sov, thiab cov nplaim hluav taws kub tuaj yeem siv los hloov cov cua sov tag nrho. raws li lub thawv furnaces. , tuaj yeem ua tiav kev sib koom tes tsim nyog ntawm kev sib txhuam thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm txhua qhov, txhim kho lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov khoom, thiab vim tias nws yog cov cua sov hauv zos, nws tuaj yeem txo qis deformation thiab txo lub zog noj.

Peb nkag siab tob txog tias seb ib lub lag luam puas tuaj yeem siv lub zog thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig kev lag luam siab tshaj plaws nrog lub zog tsawg muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob, seb cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis puas tsim nyog, thiab seb kev tswj hwm yog kev tshawb fawb. Qhov no xav kom peb xav txog kev nkag siab los ntawm kev pom zoo, thiab txhua qhov txuas tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum tsim cov txheej txheem, peb kuj yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim tag nrho thiab ua tib zoo koom nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam. Peb tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov txheej txheem tsuas yog rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev niaj hnub no nrog kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam.